A solution method for predictive simulations in a stochastic environment

Predictive gait simulations currently do not account for environmental or internal noise. We describe a method to solve predictive simulations of human movements in a stochastic environment using a collocation method. The optimization is performed over multiple noisy episodes of the trajectory, instead of a single episode in a deterministic environment. Each episode used the same control parameters. The method was verified on a torque-driven pendulum swing-up problem. A different optimal trajectory was found in a stochastic environment than in the deterministic environment. Next, it was applied to gait to show its application in predictive simulation of human movement. We show that, unlike in a deterministic model, a nonzero minimum foot clearance during swing is predicted by a minimum-effort criterion in a stochastic environment. The predicted amount of foot clearance increased with the noise amplitude. EDITORIAL TRACKING SYSTEM is utilized for manuscript submission, review, editorial processing and tracking which can be securely accessed by the authors, reviewers and editors for monitoring and tracking the article processing. Manuscripts can be upload online at Editorial Tracking System (https://www.longdom.org/submissions/geology-geosciences.html) or forwarded to the Editorial Office at geology@journalsci.org Media Contact: Rooba Journal Manager Geology and Geophysics Email: geology@journalsci.org