Down syndrome is a condition wherein a kid is brought into the world with an additional duplicate of their 21st chromosome — consequently its other name, trisomy 21. This creates physical and mental formative setbacks and incapacitiesEach person with Down syndrome is an individual — intellectual and developmental problems may be mild, moderate or severe. Some people are healthy while others have significant health problems such as serious heart defects.

Down syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. These cell division abnormalities result in an extra partial or full chromosome 21. This extra genetic material is responsible for the characteristic features and developmental problems of Down syndrome.

Children with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from recurrent respiratory infections, which represent the leading cause of mortality during childhood. This susceptibility to infections is usually considered multifactorial and related to both impaired immune function and non-immunological factors.

If the immune system is impaired, the resulting immunodeficiency leaves the individual more susceptible to infection, usually recurrent and often of greater severity. Immunodeficiencies can be Primary (due to a genetic deficiency) or Secondary to other processes. Primary immunodeficiencies are very rare and usually very serious; the types of infection suffered are often highly indicative of the nature of the genetic deficiency. Secondary immunodeficiency is very common and can be caused by many things such as malnutrition, stress, drug treatments, other disease processes or indeed other infections. Secondary immunodeficiency can range from the trivial to the very serious and can be transient or long lasting.

School is an important part of the life of a child with Down syndrome, regardless of intellectual ability. Public and private schools support people with Down syndrome and their families with integrated classrooms and special education opportunities. Schooling allows valuable socialization and helps students with Down syndrome build important life skills.

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