Hepatic hematoma - can present much like the above hepatic lipidosis - and may present concurrently. Young birds have a prominent abdomen which provides very little keel protection for the underlying organs. When obese, the liver is more friable, AND extends farther into the unprotected region of the caudal abdomen. A history of overt trauma (i.e. - dropping the bird) may be present, but self-trauma (getting excited and jumping in the incubator), may also cause this syndrome. Treatment varies with the degree of anemia, and the condition of the bird. Often the hematoma is visible through the abdominal skin. If the bird is stable, obtaining a PCV initially, then rechecking it within a short interval, will tell you whether the bleeding has stopped. Remember, if you elect to give fluid replacement, it will lower the PCV further, which may not only decrease the PCV below acceptable levels, but also give you a false reading of the current bleeding situation when the second sample is obtained. Homologous blood transfusions can be life-saving, or they can cause the death of the bird from stress. Clinical judgment, experience and luck contribute to the proper course of action and outcome of this syndrome. Fortunately, it is not that common.

Egg binding - If a bird presents with rear end paresis or paralysis, thin, markedly depressed or with labored respiration, your prognosis must be guarded. Be sure to provide supportive care before attempting extraction of the egg. Hydrate the bird with fluids, give injectable calcium, and warmth. Genetic, nutritional and environmental factors all contribute to the predisposition to egg-binding, most notably in cockatiels. See reference # 12 for details on options for further treatment.

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